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Aktif Yapılar (Active Structure)

Aktive yapılarda who, which, that ve yardımcı filler (am, is, have, was gibi) atılır. Fill gerund (verb+ing) halinde kalır. Anlamda hiçbir değişiklik olmaz.

v Students who want to join the club must apply to the English teacher .

v Students ~~who~~ wanting to join the club must apply to the English teacher .

v Do you know the man who is talking on the TV?

v Do you know the man ~~who is~~ talking on the TV?

v The car struck the people who were waiting at the bus stop .

v The car struck the people ~~who were~~ waiting at the bus stop .

Geçmiş zaman (Simple Past) olarak çekimlenen fiiller de gerund (verb+ing) olurlar.

v The students who came to class late missed the quiz .

v The students ~~who came~~ coming to class late missed the quiz .

v I passed the exam, which made all my family happy .

v I passed the exam, ~~which made~~ making all my family happy .

Pasive Yapılar (Passive Structure)

Pasive yapılarda who, which, that ve yardımcı filler (am, is, have,was gibi) atılır. Fill verb 3 halinde kalır. Anlamda hiçbir değişiklik olmaz.

v The car which was used in the bank robbery has been found by the police .

v The car ~~which was~~ used in the bank robbery has been found by the police .

v Students who are punished are generally boys .

v Students ~~who are~~ punished are generally boys .

v The method that has been used in the project was excellent .

v The method ~~that has been~~ used in the project was excellent .

v It is unsafe to enter a building which was damaged by the earthquake .

v It is unsafe to enter a building ~~which was~~ damaged by the earthquake .

To-infinitive Yapılar

the first, the second, the third, … , the last, the next
the only
the superlative yapı (the best, the most populated,…)
Modal yapılar (may, can, must,…)

Bu yapıları Relative Clause ile kullanıldığında who, which, that ve yardımcı filler (am, is, have,was gibi) atılır. Aktive cümlelerde fill to-infinitive halini ve pasive cümlelerde ise to be verb3 halini alır. Anlamda hiçbir değişiklik olmaz.

Aktive

Ø He is the first person who wrote about that problem .

Ø He is the first person ~~who wrote~~ to write about that problem .

Ø Yesterday, I was the last person who left the school .

Ø Yesterday, I was the last person ~~who left~~ to leave the school .

Ø Tansu Çiller is the only woman who became Prime Minister .

Ø Tansu Çiller is the only woman ~~who became~~ to become Prime Minister .

Ø He is the oldest footballer that plays in Turkish League.

Ø He is the oldest footballer ~~that plays~~ to play in Turkish League.

Ø I have a lot of homework that I must do .

Ø I have a lot of homework that I must to do .

Ø We don’t have a real friend whom we can trust .

Ø We don’t have a real friend whom we can to trust .

Pasive

Ø This is the largest ship which was made last year .

Ø This is the largest ship which was to be made last year .

Ø She is a person who can be trusted.

Ø She is a person who can to be trusted

Ø Atatürk was the first president that was inaugurated .

Ø Atatürk was the first president that was to be inaugurated .

To be + Sıfat, Edat, İsim (Adjective / Preposition / Noun)

To be (am, is, are, was, were, been)den sonra bir sıfat geliyorsa who, which, that ve to be filleri atılır: Anlamda hiçbir değişiklik olmaz.

v The girlwho is happywith the present is playing joyfully .

v The girl~~who is~~happywith the present is playing joyfully .

v The personwho was responsible for the accident was put in jail .

v The person~~who was~~responsiblefor the accident was put in jail .

v The Tv program which has been boring for some time won’t be broadcast anymore .

v The Tv program~~which has been~~boringfor some time won’t be broadcast anymore.

To be (am, is, are, was, were, been)den sonra bir edat(in, at, on)geliyorsa who, which, that ve to be filleri atılır:

v The boy whowas in the carlooked suspicious to me .

v The boy ~~who was~~in the carlooked suspicious to me .

To be (am, is, are, was, were, been)den sonra bir isim geliyorsa who, which, that ve to be filleri atılır:

v Marmaris, which is a popular tourist center, has many places to visit .

v Marmaris, ~~which is~~a popular tourist center, has many places to visit .

v Doctor James, who is the head of eye department, operated on my father’s eye.

v Doctor James,~~who is~~the head of eye department, operated on my father’s eye.

Pasif + Süreklilik (Passive + Continuous Tense)

Ø The songwhich is being playednow is my favorite one.

Ø The song~~which is~~being playednow is my favorite one.

Ø The patient who is being operated on is very ill.

Ø The patient~~who is~~being operatedon is very ill.

Zaman (Tense) Farkı (a Perfect Participal)

Relative clause yapısının fiili ile ana fiil arasındaki zaman farkı varsa active eylemler için having +verb3, passive eylemler için having been + verb3 kullanılabilir.

v The studentswho failedthe Math 101 coursehave to takeit again next term.

Ana fiil : has to take (present)

Relative C. Filli : failed (S.past)

Zaman farkını belirtmek için şu şekilde yapılır:

v The studentshaving failedthe Math 101 course has to take it again next term.

v Murat, whohad been fired, looked for another job for five months.

v Murat, having been fired, looked for another job for five months.

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